Rehabilitación (Madr). Sesenta años ya / Rehabilitación (Madr). Sixty years of publication

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La rehabilitación y nuestra revista en tiempos de cambio / Rehabilitation and our journal in times of change

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Aplicaciones clínicas de las pruebas biomecánicas: mitos y realidades / No disponible

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Influence of colectomy on hydrogen excretion in breath.

INTRODUCTION: Hydrogen breath test is the most commonly used method to analyze carbohydrate absorption and diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption. The result of the H(2) breath test is influenced by different factors, which are mostly related to quantitative or qualitative aspects of colonic flora. A scarcely studied variable is the effect of colonic anatomical integrity on H(2) excretion in breath. PURPOSE: The present study aims to determine whether loss of colonic integrity reduces H(2) excretion capacity after an oral load of an unabsorbable carbohydrate. METHODS: An observational study was conducted in three patient groups: controls with preserved colon, patients with partial colectomy, and patients with complete colectomy and ileostomy. H(2) concentration in breath was measured by gas chromatography every 10 min for 3 h after oral lactulose administration. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with partial colectomy, 18 controls with preserved colon, and seven patients with ileostomy were included. H(2) excretion after lactulose did not differ between patients with partial colectomy and controls (basal excretion = 8.5 vs 4 ppm; delta increase = 50.0 vs 47.5 ppm; area under the curve = 4,480.0 vs 4,710.5 ppm/min). In contrast, H(2) excretion was significantly lower in the ileostomy group. CONCLUSIONS: Partial colectomy does not influence the capacity for H(2) excretion after oral unabsorbable carbohydrate administration.

Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 ameliorates chronic colitis and prevents intestinal fibrosis.

The phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors may be an important target in the treatment of several inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect of PDE4 inhibitors bears similarities with that of steroids, without interfering with the hypophysary-adrenal-axis. We compared the effect of rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, with steroids on the clinical course of experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Three groups of rats (n = 20) received TNBS. One group received methylprednisolone from day 7, another group received rolipram from the same day, and control group received no further treatment. On days 14 and 21 after TNBS instillation, sets of 10 rats underwent colonic dialysis to measure eicosanoid release. Colonic lesions were blindly scored, and colons were homogenized for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and collagen content. Concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in colonic tissue was also measured. Both treatments reduced significantly the eicosanoid release and MPO activity. On day 14, both rolipram and methylprednisolone significantly reduced TNF-alpha content, but TGF-beta1 was only inhibited by rolipram. On day 21, lesion scores and collagen content were significantly reduced only in rolipram-treated group. In conclusion, PDE4 inhibition by rolipram markedly ameliorates the course of chronic colitis and it is superior to methylprednisolone in preventing late collagen deposition.

Técnicas instrumentales de diagnóstico y evaluación en rehabilitación: estudio de la marcha / Instrumental techniques of diagnosis and assessment in rehabilitation: Study of walking

La marcha es una de las actividades de la vida diaria humana más importantes. A menudo, en los centros de rehabilitación el objetivo fundamental del tratamiento es restablecer o mejorar la capacidad de marcha. La eficacia de un tratamiento reside en la capacidad no sólo de determinar las causas fisiopatológicas, sino de determinar las disfunciones y discapacidades y actuar sobre ellas. Los sistemas modernos de análisis del movimiento en 3 dimensiones (3D) con plataformas de fuerza ofrecen la posibilidad de obtener datos objetivos cinemáticos (movimientos) y, lo que es de sumo interés, cinéticos (momentos de fuerza y potencias) de todas las articulaciones a lo largo de las diferentes fases de la marcha. Estos datos son de gran utilidad para describir mecanismos íntimos que subyacen en las alteraciones de la marcha. En efecto, disponer de información sobre las fuerzas que se generan en cada momento en las diferentes articulaciones permite establecer de una manera precisa qué papel tienen los elementos activos (músculos con sus hiperactividades y debilidades) y pasivos (tendones, huesos, ligamentos, cápsulas articulares y músculos con relación a acortamientos o laxitudes) en las alteraciones de la marcha. De hecho, en estos momentos y en práctica clínica, ya hay consenso en cuanto a la utilidad del análisis del movimiento en 3D para la planificación y monitorización del tratamiento de los trastornos de la marcha en pacientes con parálisis cerebral y espasticidad. También, y por extensión, es de gran utilidad para orientar el tratamiento de pacientes neurológicos en general con alteraciones de la marcha. Tampoco es desdeñable su utilidad en pacientes ortopédicos, campo en que puede tener una gran expansión. Finalmente, no hace falta destacar su gran importancia en el ámbito de la investigación básica y aplicada en rehabilitación. No hay número de revista científica de rehabilitación en que no aparezca algún artículo que muestre resultados de experimentos analizados con sistemas de análisis del movimiento

Walking is one of the most important daily human life activities. The fundamental objective of treatment in rehabilitation centers is after reestablishing or improving walking capacity. Efficacy of a treatment is found in the capacity not only of determining physiopathological causes but determining the dysfunctions and incapacitates and act on them. Modern 3 dimensional (3D) motion analysis systems with force plate offer the possibility of obtaining kinematic objective data (movements), and, of greater interest, kinetic data (torques and power) of all the joints during the different walking phases. These data are very useful to describe intimate mechanisms that underlie walking disorders. In effect, having information on the forces that are generated in each moment in the different joints makes it possible to establish precisely what role the active (muscles with their hyperactivities and/or weaknesses) and passive (tendons, bones, ligaments, articular capsules and muscles in relationship to shortening or laxitudes) elements generate in walking alterations. In fact, at present and in the clinical practice, there is already consensus regarding the utility of 3D motion analysis for planning and monitoring treatment of walking disorders in patients with cerebral palsy and spasticity. Furthermore, by extension, it is very useful to orient the treatment of neurology patients in general with walking disorders. Its utility in orthopedic patients, a field in which there may be great expansion, is also not insignificant. Finally, it is not necessary to stress its great importance in the scope of basic and applied research in rehabilitation. There is no scientific rehabilitation journal in which some article does not appear showing results of experiments done with movement analysis systems

Guía terapéutica en atención primaria basada en la evidencia, 2. ª edición: una obra honesta y práctica / Therapeutic guide to Primary Care based on the evidence, 2nd edition: an honest and practical work

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Response of first attack of inflammatory bowel disease requiring hospital admission to steroid therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Corticoid administration is the usual treatment of Crohns disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) attacks. However, information available on response rates and their predictive factors is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To establish response to steroidal treatment in an homogeneous group of patients with CD or UC during their first admission to hospital. METHODS: Restrospective analysis of 86 patients who received systemic steroidal treatment for a severe flare-up during their first hospital admission between 1995 and 2000. Patients were treated per protocol with fluid therapy, absolute diet, IV 6-methyl-prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, and enoxaparin at prophylactic doses. Clinical response at 30 days was considered good in case of complete remission, and poor in case of partial or absent remission. Univariate and multivariate analyses according to non-parametric statistics were performed for sociodemographic and biologic variables. RESULTS: 45 patients with CD and 41 with UC were included. Good response rates were 64.4% for CD and 60.9% for UC. The univariate analysis showed that patients with good response have shorter evolution times and fewer previous flare-ups (p < 0.05) regarding CD. However, the multivariate analysis showed that none of the analyzed variables had predictive value. CONCLUSION: The response rate of severe inflammatory bowel disease attacks to corticoids is around 60% in CD and UC. Data resulting from the current study cannot predict which patients will ultimately respond to therapy.

[Lipid control in secondary prevention: multicenter observational study in primary care]. / Control lipídico en prevención secundaria: estudio multicéntrico, observacional en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the implementation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in coronary patients followed in primary care. DESIGN: Observational prospective study of 6 months of follow-up. SETTING: Primary care centers all over Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women, between 18 and 75 years old, diagnosed in the last 3 years of myocardial infarction, stable angina, and unstable angina, with cholesterol levels higher than the lipid therapeutical goal recommended by the Guía de Prevención Cardiovascular del Programa de Actividades y de Promoción de la Salud de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria. Patients were recruited between february of 1998 and july of 1999, and were followed for 6 months. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, weight, height, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). RESULTS: 4464 patients were included, mean age of 59 years (range, 20-96), 60% men. At 6 months, 66% of the patients had a cholesterol level higher than 200 mg/dL, 55% had LDL-C higher than 130 mg/dL, and 11% had triglycerides higher than 190 mg/dL. At 6 months a reduction of 70 mg/dL of total cholesterol, of 52 mg/dL of triglycerides, and of 51 mg/dL of LDL-C, and an increase of 4 mg/dL of HDL-Cholesterol was observed. Also, SBP and DBP were reduced 5 mm Hg and 3 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Although a clear improved was observed in the control of lipids and other risk factors, there is still a considerable potential to raise standards in secondary prevention of coronary patients followed in primary care concerning control of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly total cholesterol and lipid fractions.

Control lipídico en prevención secundaria: estudio multicéntrico, observacional en atención primaria / Lipid control in secondary prevention: multicenter observational study in primary care

Objetivo. Evaluar la implementación del tratamiento higiénico-dietético y farmacológico de la hipercolesterolemia y otros factores de riesgo en pacientes coronarios de atención primaria. Diseño. Estudio observacional prospectivo de 6 meses de seguimiento. Emplazamiento. Centros de salud de todo el estado español. Participantes. Varones y mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 75 años, diagnosticados de infarto de miocardio y/o angina, y cuyas concentraciones de colesterol total no hubieran alcanzado el objetivo terapéutico indicado en la Guía de Prevención Cardiovascular del Programa de Actividades y de Promoción de la Salud. Los pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio desde febrero de 1998 hasta julio de 1999, y el seguimiento fue de 6 meses. Mediciones principales. Colesterol total, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL), colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densiad (cHDL), triglicéridos, peso, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y glucemia. Resultados. Se incluyó a 4.464 pacientes, con una edad media de 59 años; el 60 por ciento eran varones. A los 6 meses, el 66 por ciento de los pacientes tenía cifras de colesterol total mayores de 200 mg/dl, el 55 por ciento tenía cifras de cLDL por encima de 130 mg/dl, y el 11 por ciento tenía cifras de triglicéridos superiores a 190 mg/dl. A los 6 meses de seguimiento se observó una reducción de 70 mg/dl del colesterol total, de 52 mg/dl de los triglicéridos, de 51 mg/dl del cLDL, un aumento de 4 mg/dl del cHDL, una reducción de 5 mmHg de la PAS y de 3 mmHg de la PAD. Conclusiones. Aunque se observa una mejora clara del perfil lipídico y de otros factores de riesgo, todavía hay un potencial importante a ganar en los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad coronaria y seguidos en la atención primaria respecto al control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Espasmo coronario en la inducción anestésica / Coronary spasm during anesthetic induction

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